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Colombia Fact Sheet

From Medellín Underground

Executive Summary: Medellín and Colombia for Tourists

Introduction

Colombia, known for its vibrant culture and biodiversity, has made significant strides in overcoming decades of internal conflict and drug-related challenges. The country maintains relatively strong democratic institutions characterized by peaceful elections and civil liberties.

Background

Colombia emerged as one of three countries after the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1830, alongside Ecuador and Venezuela. Despite historical challenges, Colombia continues to strengthen its democratic framework.

Geography

  • Total Area: 1,138,910 sq km
 * Land: 1,038,700 sq km
 * Water: 100,210 sq km
  • Climate: Tropical along the coast and eastern plains; cooler in the highlands.
  • Natural Resources: Petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower.

People and Society

  • Population: 49,588,357
  • Ethnic Groups:
 * Mestizo and White: 87.6%
 * Afro-Colombian: 6.8%
 * Indigenous: 4.3%
 * Unspecified: 1.4% (2018 est.)
  • Languages:
 * Spanish (official): 98.9%
 * Indigenous: 1%
 * Portuguese: 0.1%
  • Religions:
 * Roman Catholic: 63.6%
 * Protestant: 17.2%
  • Population Growth Rate: 0.48% (2024 est.)

Government

  • Government Type: Presidential republic
  • Capital: Bogotá
  • Executive Branch: President Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego (since August 7, 2022)
  • Legislative Branch: Bicameral Congress (Senate: 108 seats, Chamber of Representatives: 188 seats)
  • Diplomatic Representation in the US: Ambassador Daniel García-Peña Jaramillo (since September 18, 2024)

Economy

  • Overview: Prior to COVID-19, Colombia exhibited consistent economic growth with declining poverty. The economy is recovering, but infrastructure investment remains delayed.
  • Real GDP (PPP): $978.024 billion (2023 est.)
  • Real GDP per Capita: $18,800 (2023 est.)
  • Exports: $67.762 billion (2023 est.)
  • Major Exports:
 * Crude Petroleum: 35%
 * Coal: 30%
 * Coffee: 15%
 * Refined Petroleum: 10%
 * Gold: 10%
  • Exports - Partners: US (26%), Panama (10%), Netherlands (6%), India (4%), Brazil (4%) (2022)
  • Imports: $75.983 billion (2023 est.)
  • Imports - Partners: US (26%), China (25%), Brazil (7%), Mexico (5%), Germany (3%) (2022)

Major Corporations

  • Ecopetrol (oil and gas)
  • Grupo Aval (financial services)
  • Avianca (aviation)
  • Alpina (food and beverages)

Criminal Organizations

While Medellín has improved significantly, some remnants of organized crime exist:

  • ELN (National Liberation Army)
  • FARC (now largely disbanded)

Trade Partners

Colombia's major trading partners include the United States, China, Brazil, and the European Union.

Security Partners

Colombia collaborates with international partners, particularly the United States, in security and counter-narcotics efforts.

Neighborhoods to Avoid

  • Comuna 13: Cultural hub, but caution advised at night.
  • Bello: Higher crime rates.
  • San Javier: History of gang activity.
  • Parts of Ciudad Bolivar: Some areas considered unsafe.
  • El Poblado: Generally safe, but be cautious in less crowded streets.

Conclusion

Medellín and Colombia present rich cultural experiences and stunning landscapes. By staying informed and aware of neighborhoods to avoid, tourists can navigate the country safely and enjoyably.

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